Certainly! In Android, there are several layout types you can use to design your app’s user interface. Let’s explore some of the commonly used ones: Linear Layout: A LinearLayout arranges child views in a single line, either horizontally or vertically. You can control the orientation using the android:orientation attribute. Example XML snippet: XML <LinearLayout xmlns:android=”http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android” android:orientation=”vertical”> <!– Add your UI elements here –> </LinearLayout> AI-generated code. Review and use carefully. More info on FAQ. Relative Layout: A RelativeLayout positions child views relative to each other or the parent. You can specify rules like “to the right…
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CDMA vs GSM
Here are the mentioned least seven different functions where CDMA is different from GSM. Functions GSM CDMA(IS-95) Frequency 900MHz; 1800MHz;1900MHz 800MHz;1900MHz Channel Bandwidth Total 25 MHz bandwidth with 200 KHz per channels, 8 timeslots per channel with frequency hopping. Total 12MHz with 1.25 MHz for the spread spectrum. Voice Codec 13Kbits/second 8Kbits/second or 13Kbps Data bit rate 9.6 Kbits/second or expandable 9.6Kbits SMS 160 characters of text supports 120 characters SIM Card Yes No Multipath Causes interference and destruction to service Used as an advantage Radio Interface TDMA CDMA Handoff…
Read MoreLoop Control Statements
A loop (also referred to as an iteration or repetition) is a sequence of statements which is specified once but which may be carried out several times in succession. The code “inside” the loop (the body of the loop) is obeyed a specified number of times, or once for each of a collection of items, or until some condition is met. A block or group of statements executed repeatedly until some condition is satisfied is called Loop. The group of statements enclosed within curly brace is called block or compound…
Read MoreSwitch-Case control statements
In addition to two-way selection, most programming languages provide another selection concept known as multi-way selection. Multi-way selection chooses among several alternatives. C++ has two different ways to implement multi-way selection. The switch statement and else-if construct If for suppose we have more than one valid choices to choose from then we can use switch statement in place of if statements. Syntax: As you can see in the above scheme the case and default have a “break;” statement at the end of block. This expression will cause the program to…
Read MoreDecision making statements
These statements are used to control the flow of execution of a program by making a decision depending on a condition, hence they are named as decision making statements. Decision making statements are of four types. Simple if if else nested if else If else ladder 1. Simple if Statement if the test expression is true then if statement executes statements that immediately follow if Syntax: Example: 2. if-else Statement If test expression is true block of statements following if are executed and if test expression is false then statements…
Read MoreFormatted Console IO Operations
C++ supports a number of features that could be used for formatting the output. These features include: ios class functions and flags. Manipulators. User-defined output functions. 1. ios Class functions and flags The ios class contains a large number of member functions that could be used to format the output in a number of ways. The most important ones among them are listed below. Function Syntax Use width() cout.width(size); To specify the required field size for displaying an output value. precision() cout.precision(2); To specify the number of digits to be…
Read MoreUnformatted IO Operations
Overloaded Operators: The >> operator is overloaded in the istream class and << is overloaded in the ostream class. The following is the general format for reading data from the keyboard Example: Where variable1, variable2,…. are valid C++ variable names that have been declared already. This statement will cause the computer to halt the execution and look for input data from the keyboard. C++ is designed to work with a wide variety of devices including terminals, disks, and tape drives. Although each device is very different, the system supplies an…
Read MoreManage IO Operations in C++
C++ Stream Class C++ accomplishes input/output operations using concept of stream. A stream is a series of bytes whose value depends on the variable in which it is stored. This way, C++ is able to treat all the input and output operations in a uniform manner. Thus, whether it is reading from a file or from the keyboard, for a C++ program it is simply a stream. We have used the objects cin and cout (pre-defined in the iostream.h file) for the input and output of data of various types.…
Read MoreVirtual Destructors in C++
If multiple objects are created dynamically in the derived class, a dangerous situation occurs. More and more un-referenced memory blocks will clutter up the main memory without you being able to reallocate them—this can seriously impact your program’s response and even lead to external memory being swapped in. This issue can be solved simply by declaring virtual destructors. A class used as a base class for other classes should always have a virtual destructor defined. Even if the base class does not need a destructor itself, it should at least…
Read MoreType Conversion in C++
C++ provides mechanism to perform automatic type conversion if all variable are of basic type. For user defined data type, programmers have to convert it by using constructor or by using casting operator. The type of data to the right of an assignment operator is automatically converted to the data type of variable on the left. Consider the following example: This converts float variable y to an integer before its value assigned to x. The type conversion is automatic as far as data types involved are built in types. We…
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